What are the characteristics of forging?

The characteristics of forging are:

1, forging can change the metal organization, improve metal performance. After the ingot is hot forged, the original as-cast loose, porous, micro-cracking, etc. are compacted or welded together; the original dendritic crystals are broken to make the grains finer; at the same time, the original carbide segregation and uneven distribution are changed, so that the organization is uniform, thereby obtaining internal dense, uniform, fine, good comprehensive performance, and reliable forgings. After the forging is deformed by hot forging, the metal is fibrous; after cold forging deformation, the metal crystals are in order.

2, forging is to make the metal plastic flow and make the desired shape of the workpiece. The volume of metal is unchanged after plastic flow by external force, and the metal always flows to the part with small resistance. In production, the shape of the workpiece is often controlled according to these laws to achieve upsetting and drawing, reaming, bending, drawing and other deformations.

3, forging out of the workpiece size is accurate, is conducive to the organization of mass production. Die forging, extrusion, stamping and other applications of die forming size accurate and stable. High-efficiency forging machinery and automatic forging production lines can be used to organize specialized mass or mass production.

4. The production process of forging and pressing includes forging blank blanking, forging blank heating and pretreatment before forming; heat treatment, cleaning, correction and inspection of workpieces after forming. Common forging machinery has forging hammer, hydraulic press and mechanical press. The forging hammer has a large impact speed, which is conducive to the plastic flow of the metal, but it will produce vibration; the static forging of the hydraulic press is conducive to forging the metal and improving the organization, and the work is stable, but the productivity is low; the stroke of the mechanical press is fixed, which is easy to realize mechanization and automation. In the future, the forging process will be developed to improve the intrinsic quality of forging parts, develop precision forging and precision stamping technology, develop forging equipment and forging production lines with higher productivity and automation, develop flexible forging forming systems, and develop new forging materials and forging processing methods.

5, improve the internal quality of forgings, mainly to improve their mechanical properties (strength, plasticity, toughness, fatigue strength) and reliability. This requires a better application of metal plastic deformation theory; the application of inherently better quality materials; the correct pre-forging heating and forging heat treatment; more stringent and more extensive non-destructive testing of forged parts.